| Overview : The integrated results-based management (IRBM) system has been found to be a very powerful instrument for achieving this aim. Botswana introduced the IRBM in 2008 with the assistance of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The stated aims of the reforms included ensuring that planning and financing national development are results focused and responsive to the needs of citizens, both in the short and long term (GoB/UNDP, 2009). However, the process has faced several challenges, resulting in less progress than was hoped for. A study conducted by Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis (BIDPA) in 2014 indicated that several policy challenges warrant the implementation of IRBM in Botswana. These problems relate to the production of quality information for evidence-based decision making, as well as the simplification of complex implementation challenges, which involve multiple actors in different sectors of the economy and levels of government. In June 2020, a UN Joint Programme (JP) was launched to support the Government’s efforts to develop an operational Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)s financing strategy through integrated national financing framework. This JP also seeks to support the Government’s desire to achieve efficiency in spending in all sectors, contain cost and avoid waste in the public sector, address corruption and illicit financial flows using the Zero-based budgeting (ZBB). Currently there are efforts ongoing by the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning with support from United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) to institutionalize the ZBB framework to promote efficiency in public spending and create more fiscal space to fund the realization of the SDGs and the development priorities of Botswana The objective of this assignment is to provide support to apply results-based budgeting (RBB) for biodiversity into Botswana’s biodiversity sector, specifically Botswana protected areas (PA) system, with the aim of improving financial effectiveness of the protected area system and providing practical evidence to support the implementation of RBB in other government departments. This will be implemented in two components. 1) Capacity building on RBB: Provide training on RBB for key staff and stakeholders of the Botswana protected areas (PA) system 2) Develop a roadmap on integrating RBB into the country’s protected area budgeting system, including recommending actions on how this could be done. (An implementation guidebook) | 
